There are many kinds of printers available, but a few common features.
DPI (Dot Per Inch): The measurement of quality of the print. The higher this number, the more dots per inch there are, meaning the finer the image quality is.
Ink Jet: Ink jet printers have seperated cartriges, usually black, cyan, magenta, and yellow, that splatter minature dots of ink on the paper to combine and create potentially thousands and millions of colors, similar to how a CRT television screen works.
Bubble Jet: Basically the same as ink jet printers, generally Cannon brand printers. Usually not as good quality as Hewlett-Packard or Epson ink jet printers.
Laser Printers: Laser printers are the best quality for printing. They use toner rather than ink which is usually more expensive, but a toner lasts longer than ink cartriges. Black and white laser printers only have a black toner, while color printers usually have four toners, much like ink jet.
Duplex Printing: A feature in higher-end printers that lets the printer print on both sides of a sheet of paper without the user manually handling the paper. Many printers come with a manual duplex print mode where the printer prints the odd-numbered pages and then waits for the user to turn the stack around and put back in the drawer and click on a button, then the printer prints the even pages which is the reverse side of all the existing pages printed. The output is the same as a duplex printer but is not automated.
Pages Per Minute (PPM): Pages per minute is the number of pages the printer will print within one minute. Be careful to note if this listed value is when the printer is in a specific mode. Often, this variable is listed for the lowest quality setting and can thus be misleading.